Volume 6 No 1

Permanent URI for this collection

https://repository.gchumanrights.org/handle/20.500.11825/2577

Keynote “Internal displacement: opportunities and challenges in a world of mobility and vulnerabilities”
Cecilia Jimenez-Damary

Global Classroom: Internal Displacement

The intersection of internal displacement in the context of armed conflict and violence with climate change and disasters
Teddy Atim

An examination of the protection of the rights of internally displaced persons in Europe: From the Kampala Convention and the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement to a European convention
Zoi Aliozi, Stav Dor, Anne Sophie Gscheidlen, Chiara Passuello and Adam Drnovsky

Climate displacement and the relevance of climate justice: A trend analysis of South Africa, Zimbabwe, South Sudan and Liberia
Ademola Oluborode Jegede, Gerald Dan Yeakula, Justin Monyping Ater, Mosupatsila Mothohabonoe Nare and Zanele Christine Fengu

A lack of legal frameworks for internally displaced persons impacted by climate change and natural disasters: Analysis of regulatory challenges in Bangladesh, India and the Pacific Islands
Isaac McNeill, Asma Al Amin, Giwoong Son and Swasti Karmacharya

The socio-economic status of internally displaced people in South East Europe: The cases of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo
Marina Simić, Alisa Berezina, Nataša Ivaneža, Stamatis Psaroudakis and Veronika Vasilić

Emergency response to the war in Ukraine: The role of state and non-state actors in supporting IDPs
Kristine Bdoyan, Yevgen Gerasymenko, Volha Khvasevich, Oleksandr Kyselov and Nuno Oliveira

The enigma of internally displaced persons in Latin America and the Caribbean: An inquiry into natural disasters and climate-change-related displacements in The Bahamas, Honduras, Peru and Brazil
Ezequiel Fernández Bravo, Mayra A. Scaramutti, Anna Laura Feitosa, Gina Bertolone and Dahyana Suarez Lucián

Decades of wars in Iraq and Yemen and the protracted displacement crisis: The impact on women and children
Iasmin Ait Youssef and Kai Wangle

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Global Campus Human Rights Journal, Volume 6 No 1

(Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) [...]

This volume of the Global Campus Human Rights Journal is a collection of articles on internal diplacement in the context of armed conflict and violence with climate change and disasters in various regions of the world. This was the theme of the Global Classroom in 2022, organised every year by Global Campus of Human Rights.
Decades of wars in Iraq and Yemen and the protracted displacement crisis: The impact on women and children

(Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) Ait Youssef, Iasmin ; Wangle, Kai

Decades of armed conflict in Iraq and Yemen have forced millions of Iraqis and Yemenis to flee their homes, with most of them becoming displaced within their own countries. When displacement decreases living standards, increases protection needs, reinforces harmful gender stereotypes and perpetuates socioeconomic disadvantages, women and children, who make up 80 percent of the world’s Internally Displaced Person (IDP) population, are particularly vulnerable. Unlike refugees, who cross an international border, IDPs do not benefit from special protection under international law, leaving individual states as the most important actors in upholding the rights and meeting protection needs of IDPs. For this reason, both Iraq and Yemen have adopted national policies addressing internal displacement based on the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, a non-binding set of standards which outline the protections available and establish best practice regarding IDPs. This paper seeks to examine the main impacts of internal displacement on women and children in Iraq and Yemen in four key areas: (1) security, (2) health, (3) education and (4) livelihood; it outlines how poor outcomes in each adversely affect the others and increase the likelihood of displacement becoming chronic. It further seeks to analyse the two countries’ respective national policies on internal displacement and the humanitarian response through their impacts in the above areas on the most vulnerable IDP communities, namely women and children. It finds that while the countries’ respective IDP policies are a vital first step in addressing the issue, the ensuring of protection needs and rights of IDPs in Iraq and Yemen will require more resources, stable administration, corridors for humanitarian aid and for both countries to hold themselves to their own commitments.
The enigma of internally displaced persons in Latin America and the Caribbean: An inquiry into natural disasters and climate-change-related displacements in The Bahamas, Honduras, Peru and Brazil

(Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) Fernández Bravo, Ezequiel ; Scaramutti, Mayra A. ; Feitosa, Mayra A. ; Bertolone, Gina ; Suarez Lucián, Dahyana

This article seeks to approach internal displacement induced by climate-change-related disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) through four local analyses. The general objective of the work is to cover how the four selected countries Honduras, The Bahamas, Peru and Brazil deal with this type of internal displacement legally and pragmatically, in order to understand whether or not it is a significant issue to local governments. Specifically, the article aims to expose how different groups of people experience internal displacement in each of the settings, and to show whether public policies consider those individualisations. Finally, this is qualitative research developed as a bibliographic study through descriptive and documental techniques.
Keynote "Internal displacement: opportunities and challenges in a world of mobility and vulnerabilities"

(Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) Jimenez-Damary, Cecilia

Keynote address by Cecilia Jimenez-Damary - UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) - at the Conference on Internal Displacement, for the GC Global Classroom 2022, University of Pretoria, South Africa, 30 May 2022.
The socio-economic status of internally displaced people in South East Europe: The cases of Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo

(Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) Simić, Marina ; Berezina, Alisa ; Ivaneža, Nataša ; Psaroudakis, Stamatis ; Vasilić, Veronika

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the 30-year problem of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the former Yugoslavia, specifically in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo. While the number of IDPs is in decline, the problem and its consequences are felt by many. In this paper we will present the social, political and economic context of IDPs in these three case studies by analysing the existing legal framework and policies. In particular, we will focus on violations of the fundamental human right to an adequate standard of living, the complex dilemma of choosing between return and integration, and socio-economic discrimination against IDPs.
An examination of the protection of the rights of internally displaced persons in Europe: From the Kampala Convention and the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement to a European convention

(Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) Aliozi, Zoi ; Dor, Stav ; Gscheidlen, Anne Sophie ; Passuello, Chiara ; Drnovsky, Adam

At a time when violence and climate change are causing the displacement of millions of individuals globally, this article argues that the protection of the human rights of internally displaced persons (IDPs) should be put at the top of the European agenda. In light of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, it is more important than ever that Europe creates its own legal protection framework. This article addresses the two major drivers of internal displacement, climate and conflict, and their impact on the rights of IDPs. It examines the existing framework of IDP protection in humanitarian law, the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, the African Union’s Kampala Convention, and the existing case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) pertaining to IDPs’ rights. Through a human rights lens this article analyses both the merits and gaps of existing frameworks from which a European convention must learn. Using climate justice, intersectionality and psychological approaches, inter alia, it elaborates on various shortcomings identified in the areas of climate-induced displacement, mental health and the protection of vulnerable groups of IDPs, on which a European framework on IDP protection must expand. The goal of this article is to examine the above-mentioned issues not only in the context of current challenges but also in relation to future developments, since we will see further increases in internal displacement due to both armed conflict and climate change.
Climate displacement and the relevance of climate justice: A trend analysis of South Africa, Zimbabwe, South Sudan and Liberia

(Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) Jegede, Ademola Oluborode ; Yeakula, Gerald Dan ; Ater, Justin Monyping ; Nare, Mosupatsila Mothohabonoe ; Fengu, Zanele Christine

Displacement is a major consequence of climate change being faced by populations in Africa, as shown in the experiences of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Liberia and South Sudan. As a response to the injustices and inequalities experienced by vulnerable communities, the concept of climate justice has featured in academic writings and international policy documents on climate change. However, its reflection and application in domestic legal frameworks to the specific situation of climate-induced internal displacement in Africa are scant in academic engagement. Using a doctrinal approach in engaging with existing writings and instruments on displacement and climate justice, the study interrogates the extent to which the legal framework in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Liberia and South Sudan may apply in achieving climate justice for displaced persons. The study demonstrates that whereas there is a recognition of climate justice as a legal response to climate-induced internal displacement in international law, much remains to be achieved in terms of the reflection and application of the existing legal framework at the domestic level. It then makes specific recommendations on how to strengthen existing instruments to achieve climate justice for displaced persons.
Emergency response to the war in Ukraine: The role of state and non-state actors in supporting IDPs

(Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) Bdoyan, Kristine ; Gerasymenko, Yevgen ; Khvasevich, Volha ; Kyselov, Oleksandr ; Oliveira, Nuno

War has broken out in Europe once again, threatening the peace of nations and their people. The Russian Federation, on 24 February 2022, invaded the territory of Ukraine, starting a full-scale armed conflict that triggered serious repercussions for the civilian population. This study aims to investigate the emergency response to the initial wave of internal displacement through analysis of what humanitarian aid was supplied by state and non-state entities according to the obligations accepted and the situation on the ground. The data was collected by scrutinising reports, articles, regulatory acts and other relevant publications. Interviews with experts and internally displaced persons were conducted to generate insights and validate findings. The investigation highlights the insufficiency and lack of capacity of the Ukrainian state response in providing essential assistance to Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), and reveals the obstacles to people’s movement as they searched for security. Civil society, in its turn, maintained an essential role in the humanitarian response, providing their possible assistance and solutions wherever the state failed. The lack of coordination of the existing means and the lack of empowerment of civil society organisations did not facilitate the necessary emergency, as the most needy were even more vulnerable under conditions where lines of communication were scarce. Tentative recommendations on strengthening the response capacities include adoption of the binding international covenant, detailing emergency provisions in the domestic law, granting power to a focal point for IDP protection, and facilitating administrative arrangements that empower the population and the Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) alike.
A lack of legal frameworks for internally displaced persons impacted by climate change and natural disasters: Analysis of regulatory challenges in Bangladesh, India and the Pacific Islands

(Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) McNeill, Isaac ; Amin, Asma-Al ; Son, Giwoong ; Karmacharya, Swasti

The issue of internal displacement of persons (IDPs) due to climate change (CC) and natural disasters (ND) is an area of global concern. With the increasing impacts of CC and ND (henceforth written as CC-ND), forced displacement and relocation are the only cogent solutions, but at huge physical, economic, and psychological costs, causing imbalances in well-being. However, despite the recognition and efforts directed towards addressing climate change and tackling its impacts, the pathways to safe relocation and, possibly, avoiding displacement are still restricted by barriers for a majority of vulnerable populations who are directly exposed to and affected by the harsh impacts of CC, ND, and displacement. This study uses a comparative case study approach to critically examine the patterns of internal displacement due to the compounding impacts of CC-ND in Bangladesh, India and the Pacific Islands, and also examines the impact on the well-being of IDPs. Furthermore, the study also attempts to critically examine the legal frameworks of each of these case studies to identify their relevance and note any gaps in addressing the issue of CC-ND induced internal displacement. Finally, it attempts to make policy recommendations to better respond to this issue.
The intersection of internal displacement in the context of armed conflict and violence with climate change and disasters

(Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) Atim, Teddy

The Global Classroom is one of the flagship international activities of the Global Campus of Human Rights, the aim of which is to bring together students, professors and experts from all its regional programmes. The Classroom conducts team research on a topic of current interest for all the regions involved, and this is studied, analysed and discussed through the lenses of different regional perspectives in a week-long conference. The discussion is enriched with the participation of experts including representatives of states, United Nations (UN) agencies and civil society organisations (CSOs). The uniqueness of this annual event lies in the possibility of understanding key regional perspectives and deepening the study of global human rights and democracy challenges. Since 2014, it has become an established practice to link the Global Classroom event to the annual Global Campus (GC) research programme. The benefit of this is the opportunity for students, academics and experts to interact in an open lively forum and provide inputs which could feed into the research programme and enrich its findings. The 2022 Global Classroom was hosted by GC Africa and coordinated by the University of Pretoria’s Centre for Human Rights in Pretoria, South Africa, from 30 May to 4 June 2022. This year's Global Classroom research theme was internal displacement. Students from the GC regional programmes came together to present their work on internal displacement to an audience made up of experts from academia, government agencies, UN and CSOs. Notably, the event was attended by the UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs).

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