Volume 6 (No 1-2)

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Browsing Volume 6 (No 1-2) by Subject "climatic changes"
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    A lack of legal frameworks for internally displaced persons impacted by climate change and natural disasters: Analysis of regulatory challenges in Bangladesh, India and the Pacific Islands
    (Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) McNeill, Isaac ; Amin, Asma-Al ; Son, Giwoong ; Karmacharya, Swasti
    The issue of internal displacement of persons (IDPs) due to climate change (CC) and natural disasters (ND) is an area of global concern. With the increasing impacts of CC and ND (henceforth written as CC-ND), forced displacement and relocation are the only cogent solutions, but at huge physical, economic, and psychological costs, causing imbalances in well-being. However, despite the recognition and efforts directed towards addressing climate change and tackling its impacts, the pathways to safe relocation and, possibly, avoiding displacement are still restricted by barriers for a majority of vulnerable populations who are directly exposed to and affected by the harsh impacts of CC, ND, and displacement. This study uses a comparative case study approach to critically examine the patterns of internal displacement due to the compounding impacts of CC-ND in Bangladesh, India and the Pacific Islands, and also examines the impact on the well-being of IDPs. Furthermore, the study also attempts to critically examine the legal frameworks of each of these case studies to identify their relevance and note any gaps in addressing the issue of CC-ND induced internal displacement. Finally, it attempts to make policy recommendations to better respond to this issue.
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    An examination of the protection of the rights of internally displaced persons in Europe: From the Kampala Convention and the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement to a European convention
    (Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) Aliozi, Zoi ; Dor, Stav ; Gscheidlen, Anne Sophie ; Passuello, Chiara ; Drnovsky, Adam
    At a time when violence and climate change are causing the displacement of millions of individuals globally, this article argues that the protection of the human rights of internally displaced persons (IDPs) should be put at the top of the European agenda. In light of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, it is more important than ever that Europe creates its own legal protection framework. This article addresses the two major drivers of internal displacement, climate and conflict, and their impact on the rights of IDPs. It examines the existing framework of IDP protection in humanitarian law, the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, the African Union’s Kampala Convention, and the existing case law of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) pertaining to IDPs’ rights. Through a human rights lens this article analyses both the merits and gaps of existing frameworks from which a European convention must learn. Using climate justice, intersectionality and psychological approaches, inter alia, it elaborates on various shortcomings identified in the areas of climate-induced displacement, mental health and the protection of vulnerable groups of IDPs, on which a European framework on IDP protection must expand. The goal of this article is to examine the above-mentioned issues not only in the context of current challenges but also in relation to future developments, since we will see further increases in internal displacement due to both armed conflict and climate change.
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    Climate displacement and the relevance of climate justice: A trend analysis of South Africa, Zimbabwe, South Sudan and Liberia
    (Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) Jegede, Ademola Oluborode ; Yeakula, Gerald Dan ; Ater, Justin Monyping ; Nare, Mosupatsila Mothohabonoe ; Fengu, Zanele Christine
    Displacement is a major consequence of climate change being faced by populations in Africa, as shown in the experiences of South Africa, Zimbabwe, Liberia and South Sudan. As a response to the injustices and inequalities experienced by vulnerable communities, the concept of climate justice has featured in academic writings and international policy documents on climate change. However, its reflection and application in domestic legal frameworks to the specific situation of climate-induced internal displacement in Africa are scant in academic engagement. Using a doctrinal approach in engaging with existing writings and instruments on displacement and climate justice, the study interrogates the extent to which the legal framework in South Africa, Zimbabwe, Liberia and South Sudan may apply in achieving climate justice for displaced persons. The study demonstrates that whereas there is a recognition of climate justice as a legal response to climate-induced internal displacement in international law, much remains to be achieved in terms of the reflection and application of the existing legal framework at the domestic level. It then makes specific recommendations on how to strengthen existing instruments to achieve climate justice for displaced persons.
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    Human rights preparedness and protracted ongoing emergencies
    (Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) Annamalai, Visalaakshi
    The terms “emergency” and “refugee” often conjure up images of short-term crises quickly resolved by one-off aid efforts and people who will be able to return home at some stage in the near future. However, many emergencies around the world continue for decades and those fleeing them struggle to exist in conditions totally unsuited for the long haul. In Asia Pacific alone, Afghanistan, Tibet and Sri Lanka are all suffering ongoing long-term emergencies with tens of thousands of citizens bringing up new generations in exile: many are denied basic human rights such as citizenship, education and the ability to make a living in their host countries, not to mention the steady erosion of their cultures and traditions. With economic crashes and climate change amongst the many reasons people may flee their countries of origin in order to survive, this article recommends that the global community broadens its definition of refugees and imaginatively redesigns its approach to human rights preparedness in face of ever-increasing movement of peoples migrating from varied and complex long-term emergencies.
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    The enigma of internally displaced persons in Latin America and the Caribbean: An inquiry into natural disasters and climate-change-related displacements in The Bahamas, Honduras, Peru and Brazil
    (Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) Fernández Bravo, Ezequiel ; Scaramutti, Mayra A. ; Feitosa, Mayra A. ; Bertolone, Gina ; Suarez Lucián, Dahyana
    This article seeks to approach internal displacement induced by climate-change-related disasters in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) through four local analyses. The general objective of the work is to cover how the four selected countries Honduras, The Bahamas, Peru and Brazil deal with this type of internal displacement legally and pragmatically, in order to understand whether or not it is a significant issue to local governments. Specifically, the article aims to expose how different groups of people experience internal displacement in each of the settings, and to show whether public policies consider those individualisations. Finally, this is qualitative research developed as a bibliographic study through descriptive and documental techniques.
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    The intersection of internal displacement in the context of armed conflict and violence with climate change and disasters
    (Global Campus Human Rights, 2022) Atim, Teddy
    The Global Classroom is one of the flagship international activities of the Global Campus of Human Rights, the aim of which is to bring together students, professors and experts from all its regional programmes. The Classroom conducts team research on a topic of current interest for all the regions involved, and this is studied, analysed and discussed through the lenses of different regional perspectives in a week-long conference. The discussion is enriched with the participation of experts including representatives of states, United Nations (UN) agencies and civil society organisations (CSOs). The uniqueness of this annual event lies in the possibility of understanding key regional perspectives and deepening the study of global human rights and democracy challenges. Since 2014, it has become an established practice to link the Global Classroom event to the annual Global Campus (GC) research programme. The benefit of this is the opportunity for students, academics and experts to interact in an open lively forum and provide inputs which could feed into the research programme and enrich its findings. The 2022 Global Classroom was hosted by GC Africa and coordinated by the University of Pretoria’s Centre for Human Rights in Pretoria, South Africa, from 30 May to 4 June 2022. This year's Global Classroom research theme was internal displacement. Students from the GC regional programmes came together to present their work on internal displacement to an audience made up of experts from academia, government agencies, UN and CSOs. Notably, the event was attended by the UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Rights of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs).