Browsing by Subject "Afghanistan"
  • Item
    Civilian-humanitarian military coordination in the "security grey zone" during the rehabilitation phase of peace operations: bridging (the gaps between) conflicting visions, interests and mandates : a case study of Afghanistan
    ( 2006) Encarnacao, Teresa Dos Santos ; Frerks, Georg
    Civilian-humanitarians and the military involved in rehabilitation operations have different visions, interests and mandates. To what extent do such differences and the security grey zone context – characterised by insecurity, the influence of political interests and the increasing military engagement in activities once deemed the exclusive domain of civilian-humanitarians – hamper the potential for these actors to coordinate efforts to achieve the common goal of ensuring sustainable peace in, and the rehabilitation of, a country? The present research aims at gauging how the relationship between civilianhumanitarians and the military operating in rehabilitation operations in security grey zones can be improved through an effective Civilian-Humanitarian Military Coordination. The thesis concludes that in complex, multidimensional operations, as the one established in Afghanistan, civilian-humanitarians and the military must make a strong commitment to understand each others’ working cultures and mandates, to respect natural institutional differences and operational limitations, and to recognize that many of the problems they face when relating to one another derive from the overall working context. Thus, specific guidelines and models for Civilian-Humanitarian Military Coordination are required for security grey zones in rehabilitation operations. These must be developed and implemented by the responsible institutions and well known by civilian-humanitarians and the military.
  • Item
    Diversity, human rights and federalism: The case of Afghanistan
    (Global Campus Human Rights, 2021) Ahmadi, Ali
    Human rights maintenance in a diverse society has always been a challenging and disputed issue. Governmental systems, both unitary and non-unitary, are similarly faced with the challenge. Afghanistan is a deeply diverse country and there have been massive violations of human rights. This paper explores the questions of whether it is a) possible to strengthen human rights maintenance through legal-political structures inside a culturally and ethnically diversified state such as Afghanistan, and b) justifiable to do this by recognising ethnic diversity at a political-legal level to prevent human rights violations in Afghanistan. By addressing these two questions, the paper considers whether a Federal system is more helpful than unitary systems in an ethno-politically diverse society such as Afghanistan.
  • Item
    The EU and election observation missions to Afghanistan, 2004-2014
    ( 2016) Intini, Dario ; Agapiou-Josephides, Kalliope
    The aim of this work is to contextualise and analyse EU Election Observation Missions to Afghanistan for the period 2004-2014. In so doing, I will answer the following research questions: a) What has been the EU's assessment both of the electoral process and the human rights situation surrounding elections in Afghanistan between 2004 and 2014? b) Which hypotheses may be raised to explain the EU's overall assessment of the electoral processes in Afghanistan? Does the assessment of the electoral process in Afghanistan reflect the EU's character both as a normative and strategic actor? This research work is mainly build on the theoretical and analytical framework of Judith G. Kelley and on the systematic study of both the preliminary statements and final reports of the election observation mission. This work suggests that in its election observation missions in Afghanistan, the EU has acted both as a normative and as a strategic actor.
  • Item
  • Item
    Global Campus of Human Rights. Annual Report 2022
    (Global Campus of Human Rights, 2023) Global Campus of Human Rights
    Our Annual Report 2022 celebrates not only the achievements of the seven regional Global Campus Master’s programmes in human rights around the world but also the many other activities (research, professional training, advocacy, emergency support, awareness raising, …) we have developed at our HQ in Venice, in one of ‘our regions’ - Africa, Arab World, Asia-Pacific, Caucasus, Europe, Latin America-Caribbean, South East Europe - or virtually. The Report tells the story of how we organised a conference on mental health designed and led by children and adolescents; confronted human rights scepticism with a new podcast series; launched a training programme for young people to fight mis- and disinformation; supported Afghan human rights defenders; assisted Ukrainian and Myanmarese academics and students; empowered visual media professionals; trained human rights defenders, professionals and civil servants; offered niche MOOCs; and celebrated our incredible Alumni, one of which was murdered because of his activism. All these activities have served the purpose of making our human rights education not only top-notch but also transformational.
  • Item
    Humanitarian assistance and the military intervention: the Afghanistan case
    ( 2009) Rodrigues, Ana : Matoso ; Fischer, Horst
  • Item
  • Item
    The dire human rights situation under the rule of the Taliban
    (Global Campus Human Rights, 2021) Rezai, Hussain
    The Taliban returned to power in Afghanistan on August 15, 2021. After their takeover, they announced their commitment to respecting human rights within an Islamic framework. Now that the Taliban have been in power for a year, it is possible to provide a picture of what the Taliban’s stance continues to be on topics such as human rights. This time period gives us evidence to assess their putative statements and expression of commitment to the people and the international community. To what extent have the Taliban 2.0 implemented the commitments and promises regarding human rights which they made to the people of Afghanistan and the international community?
  • Item
    The Taliban and the right to education in Afghanistan : assessing the implications of the takeover by the Taliban in 2021 on the right to education
    ( 2022) Haidary, Najiba ; Heschl, Lisa
    In general, the right to education is counted as a fundamental right for everyone and mainly for children. Based on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948 “the full development of the human personality and the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms “is the goal of the right to education. this right is not only important as an individual but as a group in order to ensure the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedom. This thesis will talk about the policy implications of the right to education under the de facto government of the Taliban, which came to power on August 15, 2021. Although the age of the de facto government is short, and yet, the government is still not recognized as an independent state by the international community to expect them to consider of full realization of the right to education, the thesis will aim to assess if the last two decades achievements on primary and secondary education are protected, supported, and further built upon them by the de facto authorities of Taliban. In total three main chapters, I will assess the right to education in international law, the realization of the right to education by former governments during 2001-2021 for primary and secondary education, and the de facto authorities’ current policy and priorities on protecting the made achievements on the right to education. On the ongoing situation of the de facto government, the thesis will consider the period from August 2021- July 2022.
  • Item
    Winning peace or winning hearts and minds : the role of provincial reconstruction teams in Afghanistan
    ( 2015) Macenowicz, Marcin Ernest ; Brzoska, Michael
    The thesis is dedicated to foreign involvement in the Afghanistan war, the initial phase of defeating the Taliban in 2001-200, asymmetric warfare that followed when the Taliban switched to insurgency tactics and finally the post-conflict reconstruction and reestablishment of an effective government. The main focus is on the last phase and the efforts of the Provincial Reconstruction Teams. They executed projects that helped rebuild the country and introduce democratic rule but also some carried out projects that contributed to counterinsurgency. Hence, the research question of this thesis is: “Did the Provincial Reconstruction Teams contribute to peace process in Afghanistan or were they only a part of counterinsurgency strategy?” The dissertation discusses both concepts, their characteristic features and various interpretations. It also provides an overview of the conflict and the reasons behind it. Attention is also given to the opposing sides of the conflict, the insurgents as well as the international and domestic forces. Finally, it describes the details of the PRT concept and its implementation. Analysis is carried out by comparing this narrative with previously described theories. While no unequivocal answer is obtained the thesis provides valuable insight into the peace process in the biggest and longest conflict of the 21st century.