Global Campus Open Knowledge Repository

Our Open Knowledge Repository is a digital service that collects, preserves, and distributes all digital materials resulting from the rich and varied production of the Global Campus of Human Rights. It is an ever growing collection which aims to give visibility to our research outputs, educational content, and multimedia materials; sustain open access for knowledge transfer; and foster communication within and beyond academia.

 

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From Taboo to Awareness: Delving into Domestic Violence in Uzbekistan
(2025) Juraeva, Pokiza
This thesis explores Domestic Violence from an interdisciplinary approach, from both a social and legal perspective, to provide a holistic analysis of Domestic Violence in its entirety, as well as for its case study: Uzbekistan. The research examines the issue of domestic violence in Uzbekistan due to the country's high incidence of domestic violence and the growing number of cases that are reported there. That is, the puzzle of this research is why Uzbekistan has administrative laws and mechanisms to protect the rights and freedoms of a number of women, and why there are still many cases of domestic violence in society, the main goal of this thesis is to examine laws and policies for women victims of gender-based violence, with a focus on the criminalization of domestic violence in Uzbekistan (2023), to see overall trends in public awareness, the issuance of protection orders in recent years. Often in society, there are other barriers to implementing and fully reaching these goals and targets, of these challenges I would say domestic violence. 2023 on April 11 the president of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev signed amendments to the country's legislation on the protection of women and children from violence. Uzbekistan became the fifth country in Eastern Europe and Central Asia to criminalize domestic violence, noted Amnesty International. Therefore, the MA thesis theme is directly related to this law, both qualitative and quantitative mixed research methods are used in this paper to examine the effectiveness of this very law whether this new provision is working in practice, and whether there are enforcing mechanisms enough. This research examines the issue of domestic violence, the selected topic is "From Taboo to Awareness: Delving into Domestic Violence in Uzbekistan” through a literature review and aims to proceed with thesis work with mixed methods to examine this topic in recent years in Uzbekistan, initiatives aimed at strengthening gender equality and reducing violence, as well as the protection mechanisms available for those who have suffered from gender-based violence, will be studied, broadly in the context of Uzbekistan. Content validity is used to check the validity of the research, which includes semi-structured interviews with experts, and an interview with survivors of GBV, content, and comparative methods are used. To compare the number of protection orders given to women who experienced domestic violence before and after the law, quantitative analysis specifically, statistics are used and compared, as descriptive and regression analyses. Overall, this study aims to uncover the underlying reasons for the effectiveness of laws, considering societal attitudes, cultural norms, legislative enforcement, and other pertinent factors.
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Good Governance in Afghanistan and Tajikistan: Institution-Building After War and Conflict
(2025) Mohammadi, Javad
This study explores the initial processes of post-war democratic institution-building by measuring the quality of democracy in Afghanistan (2001-2014) and Tajikistan (1997-2009). It also scrutinizes the role of different internal and external actors on the outcomes and challenges of their democratization and governance after conflict. Both countries experienced a prolonged war and faced similar post-conflict challenges, such as weak state structures, internal divides, and socioeconomic instability. Nonetheless, their different paths toward democratization raise some critical questions about the role of internal and external factors that shaped the outcomes of their democracy and governance. By employing the MSSD (Most Similar System Design) framework, this research examines the impact of domestic governance structures, including elections, civil society organizations, and judicial independence, alongside the nature and extent of international intervention. Notwithstanding, both countries’ story was different. On the one hand, Afghanistan's democratization process was supported by a large-scale, multidimensional, and military engagement that was primarily led by the United States and NATO, with a strong focus on rapid state-building and democratization. On the other hand, Tajikistan experienced a regional type of intervention that was predominantly pushed by Russia and prioritized security and stability over democratic reform. The findings suggest that the degree of international involvement tremendously influenced the quality of democracy. While extensive international engagement initially promoted political pluralism and institutional building in Afghanistan, it was gradually undermined due to internal resistance such as the Taliban insurgency and different perceptions of democracy besides a lack of understanding of the local context that ultimately turned it into a shaky nascent democracy and later a fragile state. Conversely, limited focus on democratization and greater emphasis on regime stability in Tajikistan’s case, resulted in gradual authoritarian consolidation. This study concludes that the interaction of internal governance factors and international interventions can significantly determine the trajectory of post-conflict democratization. What is essential is a balanced approach that adopts context-sensitive support and takes domestic dynamics such as people into account to foster sustainable democratic institutions in fragile states. These insights are helpful for a broader debate and deeper exploration into democratization, good governance, and peacebuilding in post-conflict contexts.
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Discourse on Minority Rights in Kazakhstan
(2025) Agishev, Aziyat
This thesis project explores the discourse of politicized homophobia in Kazakhstan using Queer Theory within a poststructuralist framework and a critical evaluation of the way cis-heteronormative system establishes the discourses and reinforces them. The research covers detailed analysis of historical roots and sociopolitical pre-texts for the formation of discourses of politicized homophobia in Kazakhstan based on the history of politicized homophobia during the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. The paper draws on the insights obtained during the public hearing on the proposed legislation against LGBT “propaganda” in August 2024, analyzing the discourses promoted by political actors, who participated in the public hearing. The research identified patterns of dehumanization, vilification, and pathologization of LGBTQIA+ people within contemporary discourse of politicized homophobia within Kazakhstan.
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Human Rights in Conflict Situation
(2025) Torogul kyzy, Rakhilia
Means and methods of war were always progressing. Guns, tanks, and remotely controlled aerial vehicles were all created to put as much of a safe distance as possible between a soldier and an adversary. Thus, the appearance of autonomous weapon systems became a natural continuation of it. Such weaponry can select and engage a target by itself without human intervention based on the data gathered from the sensors. It is an emerging technology that provoked various concerns and debates on how to approach AI-driven weaponry on a global level. Considering that, this thesis investigates the 2 questions. First one inquires about the reasons why international restraint on this military technology is necessary. Second one addresses the methods on how to achieve this restraint on development and use of autonomous weapons. To answer these questions, the thesis utilizes qualitative research methods and discourse analysis. Overall, this dissertation argues that an international restraint is necessary and the best way to attain it is through the creation of a new legally-binding instrument.
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To Be or Not to Be Neuroenhanced? Personal Identity under Siege in the Age of AI-powered Neurotechnology
(Global Campus of Human Rights, 2025) Castro, Clara : Nogueira de Sá Rosas de; Murphy, Thérèse
Recent advances in neurotechnology and artificial intelligence have expanded the potential to influence brain function beyond traditional medical applications to the enhancement of healthy individuals. Growing investment in consumer neurotech and experimental brain-computer interfaces signals a future where we may be able to substantially improve our cognitive and emotional capabilities – a prospect that raises profound ethical and legal concerns. Central to these concerns is the question of how neuroenhancement technologies may impact personal identity. The brain is often regarded not just as a biological system, but as the foundation of who we are – shaping our experiences, guiding our decisions and anchoring our sense of self. As individuals voluntarily engage with advanced technologies intended to modulate their cognition and emotions, they may disrupt their psychological continuity. This indicates far-reaching consequences, not just for the person undergoing neuroenhancement but for society at large. International bodies such as UNESCO and the Council of Europe have begun to discuss and address these risks, yet current governance frameworks remain ill-equipped for the complex and specific scenarios posed by non-therapeutic neuroenhancement. Against this backdrop, this thesis examines whether and to what extent limits should be placed on individual voluntary engagement with neuroenhancement technologies in order to safeguard personal identity. Using an interdisciplinary approach that incorporates philosophical, ethical and legal perspectives, this thesis seeks to contribute to the growing discourse on neurotechnology governance, advocating for a human-rights based and forward-looking approach.