Global Campus Open Knowledge Repository
Our Open Knowledge Repository is a digital service that collects, preserves, and distributes all digital materials resulting from the rich and varied production of the Global Campus of Human Rights. It is an ever growing collection which aims to give visibility to our research outputs, educational content, and multimedia materials; sustain open access for knowledge transfer; and foster communication within and beyond academia.
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- The Global Campus Human Rights Journal is a peer-reviewed bi-annual publication that serves as a forum for rigorous scholarly analysis, critical commentaries, and reports on recent developments pertaining to human rights and democratisation globally.
- Publications series about various projects developed by Global Campus of Human Rights.
- A selection of the best master theses of each regional programme (annual award) as well as the full collection of all dissertations.
- This collection includes the Global Campus of Human Rights Annual Report and specific activities reporting.
- The Global Campus of Human Rights Magazine is a quarterly promotional publication on the network activities. It is published both in English and Italian.
Recent Submissions
Cyber protection for human rights activists in key international instruments
(Global Campus of Human Rights, 2025-10-02) Tzvetkova, Gergana
There are major threats posed by digital technologies and AI when these are used malevolently against human rights activists. It is worth addressing key recent instruments containing provisions designed to counter such threats.
Les camps de réfugiés palestiniens à Amman et Beyrouth : réinterprétation d’espaces d’exceptions, ou la permanence du provisoire
(2018-06) Lagarde, Louise; Nagrash, Abdallah
The Palestinian refugee camps have been created 70 years ago to address an emergency
situation by providing shelter and protection to the Palestinians displaced since the beginning
of the conflict in 194. But the prolongation of this exile calls into question the humanitarian
and temporary nature of the camps, which developed a specific relation to their host space.
Over the years, camps integrated the cities where they were established, to the point that they
are now part of the urban landscape. Nonetheless, they are still considered as extraterritorial
spaces on the margins of the society. Although most of the descriptions and studies about the
Palestinian camps focus on their state of exception and marginalization, a reinterpretation of
these spaces is relevant. Indeed such an interpretation does not take into account the very
complex and specific nature of the development of the camps within their urban environment
or the particularity of their governance. Comparing the situation of the camps in Amman,
Jordan, and in Beirut, Lebanon brings out the different logics of this issue and the way the two
cases differ according to the host country and its policies. While camps in Amman are more
and more integrated, socially, economically and politically speaking, camps in Beirut remain
spaces of relegation and exclusion, even though some forms of integration can be observed.
Because Palestinian camps hesitate between logics of differentiation and logics of
integration, it is thus difficult to categorize them. The aim of this thesis is to establish the
multidimensional nature of Palestinian refugee camps in Amman and Beirut, as well as the
similarities and the differences between these two situations.
Divining damages: compensating dispossessed First Nations Peoples in Australia and lessons from regional human rights courts
(2025) Zola, Elena; Majtényi, Balázs
International and national legal instruments recognise the need to provide redress where First Nations peoples’ lands and resources have been used, damaged or taken without consent. Globally, financial compensation remains the most common form of legal redress. This presents a fundamental challenge: how can non-pecuniary loss be quantified in pecuniary terms? The High Court of Australia confronted this issue in Northern Territory v Griffiths [2019] HCA 7 under Australia’s Native Title Act 1993 (Cth), endorsing an approach to assessing compensation for cultural and spiritual loss that relies heavily on judicial intuition. This thesis examines that approach, asking how Australian courts should compensate First Nations peoples for the non-economic impacts of dispossession and what role judicial intuition should play. As native title compensation jurisprudence remains in its infancy, the analysis turns to the more developed practices of the Inter-American, African and European regional human rights courts in awarding non-pecuniary damages. While these systems offer valuable insights, the central lesson is cautionary: unstructured reliance on intuition risks producing jurisprudence that is unclear and inconsistent. To mitigate these issues, this thesis draws on First Nations-led valuation methodologies from Canada, developments in European tort law and emerging Australian legal scholarship to propose more principled, culturally grounded and structured approaches, including the implementation of judicial guidelines, developed by an independent, co-designed body. Although focussed on the Australian experience, this thesis offers broader insights into how legal systems can respect the rule of law and appropriately limit the role of judicial intuition, while meaningfully recognising First Nations peoples’ relationships with land.
Symbolic harm and digital abuse: towards a new legal framework for AI-generated CSAM
(2025) Yener, Irem
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has presented significant ethical and legal challenges, particularly in the field of child’s rights protection. This thesis asks: To what extent can AI-generated child sexual abuse material be criminalised under current national and international legal frameworks, particularly in the absence of real children as identifiable victims? While some AI-generated content may include a depiction of a real child’s face, others are entirely synthetic creations that do not involve identifiable minors. This raises urgent questions regarding the definition of crime, harm, and victimhood within criminal law. This research focuses on examining to what extent such material can be prosecuted under existing legal frameworks and what legal interest is protected. Although no physical abuse occurs during the production of such content, unauthorized use of children’s likenesses -whether real, altered or digital synthesized- raises serious legal and ethical concerns. The thesis also describes the current state of international and national legal regulation and argues that a differentiated legally sound approach to AI generated CSAM is urgently needed. Considering the potential for the normalisation of child abuse, identity harm and structural exploitation, this research argues for stronger normative responses that prioritize the best interest of the children in the digital age.
Keywords: artificial intelligence, child sexual abuse materials, deepfakes, AI-generated images, legal theories, criminal law.
Memoricide as post-conflict violence: the erasure of armenian cultural heritage in Nagorno-Karabakh
(2025) Voskanyan, Helen; Kirchmair, Lando
What happens to a people when its monuments, histories, and memories are systematically obliterated? In Nagorno-Karabakh, the answer to this question is unfolding in real time. Following the forced displacement of the Armenian population in 2023, a coordinated campaign has emerged to erase centuries of Armenian cultural presence from the region. This thesis examines how Armenian cultural heritage is being targeted by the Azerbaijani state through three interconnected strategies: the physical destruction of monuments, cultural misappropriation and digital erasure. Drawing on memory studies, cultural heritage scholarship, and international law, the research frames these acts as a form of memoricide: a deliberate attempt to eliminate collective identity by dismantling its material, historical, and symbolic foundations. However, can existing legal frameworks meaningfully address Armenian cultural destruction in Nagorno-Karabakh? While most legal instruments offer normative protections, they lack effective enforcement, particularly in cases where the perpetrating state serves as the custodian of the targeted heritage. The study exposes a critical blind spot in the international legal system’s ability to confront cultural violence in post-conflict settings. It argues for a reimagined legal and ethical framework that recognises the agency of affected communities and centres cultural memory as a vital component of justice and post-conflict recovery.