Conflict resolution and peacebuilding : the case of minorities in Afghanistan

Abstract

In the context of more general international human rights standards, this thesis investigates the situation of minority rights in Afghanistan based on international agreements as well as those that Afghanistan is required to abide by. It primarily focuses on the limitations and challenges that Afghanistan's minority communities have faced both during the leadership of the Taliban and earlier regimes. In order to give a thorough analysis, the research employs a multi-dimensional approach and draws on a thorough review of academic literature, international law documents, reports from human rights groups, and secondary sources. It examines the historical background of minority rights in Afghanistan, focusing on how political upheavals and military wars affect marginalized groups. The thesis studies the treaties, agreements, and declarations that make up the international legal framework for minority rights, emphasizing their importance in advancing inclusion, equality, and nondiscrimination. It evaluates the extent to which these criteria have been applied and upheld in Afghanistan and looks at the obstacles and restrictions that minority groups must overcome in order to exercise their rights. The paper then explores the obstacles minorities in Afghanistan had to overcome under the previous and present Taliban regimes. It looks at topics such as political exclusion, cultural integration, limited access to healthcare and education, low representation in politics, and restrictions on religious freedom. It also looks into how displacement and armed conflict affect minority rights. The results of this study add to the larger conversation over minorities' rights in Afghanistan. It emphasizes the significance of thorough legal systems, inclusive governance frameworks, and proactive steps to safeguard and strengthen minority populations. The thesis offers suggestions for how to create an atmosphere that supports minorities' rights in Afghanistan for decision-makers, civil society groups, and the international community. Keywords: Afghanistan, Minority Rights, inclusiveness, comparative comparison, human rights, Taliban rule, and international norms.