Microaggressions and islamophobia in employment : Turkish and Moroccan Muslim women in Belgium’s labor market

Abstract

The high unemployment rate of ethnic minorities in Belgium is alarming, particularly for Turkish and Moroccan Muslim women, who face penalties for their gender, ethnicity and religion. Their experiences with microaggressions is used to examine how significant discrimination is in the labor market and how well protected they are by discrimination law. Highlighting the contribution that Microaggression Theory, Critical Race Theory, and Intersectionality can bring into the legal field, islamophobia in Belgium in connection with employment is discussed in a multi-disciplinary perspective with a focus on the Burqa Ban.