The manifold and intersecting aspects of discrimination and their effect on maternal health outcomes

Abstract

The objective of this thesis is to systematize and synthesize existing evidence on the relationship between intersecting aspects of discrimination and health outcomes for minority women in maternity issues. Towards this objective, existing systematic reviews on the issue were used as data. Reviews from 2012 to 2024, were selected using keywords like “systematic review,” “(Racial) Discrimination,” “Maternity,” “Risk Factors,”, “Maternal Research,” “Participation,” “Equity,” and “Intersectionality.” The review findings were thematically categorized and similarities and potential differences between them were documented. According to the findings, although direct links between discrimination and specific health outcomes, such as preterm birth, are not always evident, indirect effects through increased stress are noted. Neighborhood conditions, often racially segregated, further exacerbate health disparities, impacting both mothers and infants. Ethnic minority women tend to avoid healthcare due to past negative experiences, resulting in delayed or insufficient care. Socioeconomic status, education, and insurance coverage also play crucial roles in healthcare access and quality. The conclusions highlight the ways in which overlapping social identities and systemic inequalities affect maternal health. The study emphasizes the need for inclusive research methodologies and multilevel interventions to address health inequities. Recommendations include cultural sensitivity training for healthcare providers, flexible research methodologies, and systemic changes to improve maternal health for ethnic minorities, providers, flexible research methodologies, and systemic changes to improve maternal health for ethnic minorities.