Exploring human rights and environmental impacts of foreign fishmeal factories on children in Kombo South in the Gambia

Abstract

The expansion of foreign-owned fishmeal factories in The Gambia has generated increasing debate regarding their environmental and socio-economic impacts on coastal communities. While these factories are often promoted as contributors to economic growth, employment creation, and export earnings, concerns have emerged regarding environmental degradation, depletion of fish stocks, and the implications of these developments for the rights and wellbeing of children. This study examines the environmental and human rights impacts of foreign-owned fishmeal factory operations on children in Kombo South, The Gambia, with particular focus on the communities of Sanyang, Gunjur, and Kartong. The study adopts the Human Rights-Based Approach (HRBA) as its theoretical framework and employs a qualitative doctrinal research methodology based on the review and analysis of secondary sources, including academic literature, policy documents, legal instruments, government reports, and publications from civil society organizations. Particular attention is given to the rights of children as recognized under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC). The findings reveal that fishmeal factory operations have contributed to environmental challenges including air pollution, wastewater contamination, marine ecosystem degradation, and increased pressure on small pelagic fish stocks. These environmental impacts have significant implications for children’s rights to health, food and nutrition, education, and a safe, clean, healthy, and sustainable environment. The study further finds that the expansion of the fishmeal industry has contributed to declining access to affordable fish, food insecurity, livelihood disruptions, and environmental conditions that disproportionately affect vulnerable groups, particularly children and women. Applying the Human Rights-Based Approach, the study identifies shortcomings relating to participation, accountability, transparency, empowerment, and the protection of vulnerable groups. It concludes that current patterns of industrial fisheries development in Kombo South are insufficiently aligned with children’s rights and sustainable development objectives. The study recommends stronger environmental regulation, improved fisheries governance, enhanced community participation, greater transparency, and the integration of child-rights considerations into environmental and development decision-making processes. Keywords: Fishmeal factories, children's rights, environmental degradation, Human Rights-Based Approach, fisheries governance, food security, Kombo South, The Gambia.